08.06.2024


Julia Tordeur, a PhD Candidate at the Getulio Vargas Foundation School of Social Sciences (CPDOC) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, conducted one-month research at the AGMI, supported by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation scholarship. Her research centers on the stories of Brazilian Armenian women, who are descendants of survivors of the Armenian Genocide.

Julia Tordeur graciously shared her insights and accomplishments from her time in Armenia, particularly at the AGMI.

- What is your research about?

– My research is titled: “The Women Who Survived the Desert: An Oral History of Armenians in Diaspora.” It focuses on the stories of Brazilian-Armenian women who are descendants of Armenian genocide survivors. Through interviewing these women, my aim was to depict the traces of Armenian cultural heritage passed down from generation to generation within their families. Additionally, I sought to understand whether the younger generation, in their 30s, still identify themselves as Armenian women and feel connected to Armenian culture despite being raised in a Brazilian environment. This connection could manifest through language, food, songs, and everyday practices. We also discussed the significance of the Republic of Armenia to them and the importance of social and political life in Armenia. Despite the physical distance, all the women interviewed strongly identify as Armenian and closely follow developments, such as tensions in the Artsakh region. Some even dream of retiring in Yerevan one day, despite not having attended Armenian school or church in Brazil. For all of them, the recognition of the Armenian genocide is of utmost importance, demonstrating that Armenian history and culture are very much alive in the Brazilian community.

– How has your time at the AGMI as a Visiting Scholar been?

– My time at the Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute has been a life-changing experience. I am immensely grateful to Edita Gzoyan for this incredible opportunity, which has been a dream of mine for the past decade as a young researcher in Brazil. Being here has exceeded my expectations. The wealth of sources available is remarkable, and I have practically made your library my second home. However, what truly sets this place apart is its people. The dedication evident in every detail of the museum's exhibitions reflects a commitment to delivering the best experience for visitors. Personally, I owe a great deal of gratitude to the librarians and archivists, without whom my research would not have been possible. They have made me feel welcome every day. Special thanks to Gohar Khanumyan for her guidance in navigating the vast array of sources. While the sources have provided invaluable insights, it's the people here who have taught me the most.

Due to the AGMI’s support I have uncovered new connections between the Armenian community in Brazil and significant Brazilian figures, both political and religious. Furthermore, I've discovered links between the interviews conducted in Brazil and survivor testimonies—a significant development for my research and for families still seeking information about their ancestors' lives.

– How has your experience in Armenia been?

– I can honestly say that this has been the most fulfilling experience I’ve had in a foreign country, having visited a few. Despite facing a language barrier due to my limited proficiency in Armenian and Russian, I have felt at home in Yerevan. Armenians have a remarkable willingness to help, reminiscent of the warmth I've experienced in Brazil. This sense of hospitality might also explain why Armenians have made Brazil their home. Another shared practice is the daily ritual of enjoying coffee and using that time to connect with others. All in all, Armenia's breathtaking landscapes, rich history, vibrant culture, and hospitable people have left a lasting impression on me. Prior to my arrival, every woman I interviewed assured me that I would fall in love with Armenia, and they were absolutely right.

– How do you think Brazilians can benefit from their visit to the museum?

– For Brazilians with Armenian roots, the museum can serve as a vital link to their heritage. The exhibitions provide insight into the Armenian genocide and its victims, offering an opportunity to connect with their family's stories and find solace. For Brazilians visiting Armenia for the first time, especially those unfamiliar with the genocide, the museum is a must-see destination. My own visit was emotional and enlightening, expanding my understanding of various topics. I was impressed by the extensive collection of materials and artifacts on display, and the English-guided tour enhanced my comprehension of the exhibits. Additionally, I highly recommend exploring the garden within the complex, featuring a tree planted by a Brazilian government representative, and paying respects at the Tsitsernakaberd Armenian Genocide Memorial Complex.

– What can you tell us about the Armenian community in Brazil?

– The first Armenian to settle in Brazil was Mihran Latifyan, known as Mihran Latif, who arrived in Rio de Janeiro in 1879. Other Armenians followed, particularly in the 1890s, initially settling in Rio Grande do Sul in the south of Brazil and later moving to São Paulo. Another significant wave of Armenian immigration occurred between 1910 and 1923, prompted by the Adana Massacres and the Armenian Genocide, driving Armenians to seek refuge in South America.

However, the Armenian diaspora in Brazil began to take shape more concretely between 1930 and 1940, marked by a notable influx of immigrants from Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, France, and Turkey. These Armenians arrived primarily at the ports of Rio de Janeiro or Santos, later dispersing to states and cities such as São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Ceará. They were part of a larger migration movement to the Americas, including the United States and other South American countries, driven by international migration policies such as the Nansen passport and domestic demand for foreign labor.

Over time, the Armenian community in Brazil has made significant contributions to various aspects of Brazilian society, including culture, business, and politics. They have preserved their cultural heritage through the establishment of churches, schools, and cultural organizations, predominantly in São Paulo. Additionally, they actively work to raise awareness about Armenian history and the genocide, participating in commemorative events and advocating for recognition.

According to government sources, the total number of Armenians in Brazil currently ranges between 50,000 and 100,000 (information provided by the Armenian Embassy in Brazil and the Brazilian government).